Pheromones, chemical messengers that elicit distinct neuroendocrinological responses in conspecifics, have been thoroughly documented in various animal taxa. However, their role in human behavior and affect remains a subject of contention, with sparse and often equivocal empirical evidence. In light of the existing gaps in the literature, our research undertook an examination of the potential affective and behavioral impacts of androstadienone.

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Our findings, based on structured experimental paradigms, revealed:
1. Modulation of non-verbal flirtatious behaviors in structured social-interaction settings.
2. Variances in psychophysiological indices, encompassing heart rate variability, skin conductance responses, and startle reflex modulation, upon androstadienone exposure.
3. Affective changes post-exposure, as assessed through verbal affective ratings.